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COVID-19:  Boosters Need to be Encouraged 

View OpEd:   https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/covid-19-boosters-need-to-be-encouraged  
          

References:         
        
1. CDC. Accessed Oct. 24, 2021. Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html
 
2. Skowronski DM, Setayeshgar S, Zou M. et al. Single-dose mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Including Alpha and Gamma Variants: A Test-negative Design in Adults 70 Years and Older in British Columbia, Canada. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciab616, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab616
 
3. Kavanagh KT. Israel to Offer COVID-19 Booster Shots to Older Citizens. Infection Control Today. July 29, 2021. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/latest-data-point-to-a-need-for-covid-19-booster-shots
 
4. Kavanagh KT. COVID-19 Booster Shots for Older Americans Might be Needed. Infection Control Today, Aug. 2, 2021. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/covid-19-booster-shots-for-older-americans-might-be-needed
 
5. Kavanagh KT. Viewpoint: On COVID Boosters, CDC Panel Must Recover Ball That FDA Panel Fumbled. Infection Control Today. Sept. 20, 2021. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/viewpoint-on-covid-boosters-cdc-panel-must-recover-ball-that-fda-panel-fumbled
 
6. Kavanagh KT. Viewpoint: Politics, Bad Science Taints Decisions About COVID-19. Infection Control Today. Sept. 24, 2021. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/viewpoint-politics-bad-science-taints-decisions-about-covid-19  
 
7. Diamond F. CDC Chief Vetoes Advisors: Health Care Workers Can Get Booster Shots. Infection Control Today. Sept. 24, 2021. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/cdc-chief-vetoes-advisors-health-care-workers-can-get-booster-shots  
 
8. Puranik A, Lenehan PJ, Silvert E, et al. Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alpha and Delta variant prevalence. MedRxiv. Aug. 21, 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8366801/
 
9. CDC Expands Eligibility for COVID-19 Booster Shots. Media Statement. CDC. Oct. 21, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p1021-covid-booster.html
 
10. Bai N. How Effective Is the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine? Here’s What You Should Know. UCSF. Mar. 21, 2021. https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/03/420071/how-effective-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-heres-what-you-should-know
 
11. Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Wallace CCM, et al. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in 620,000 U.S. Veterans, February 1, 2021 to August 13, 2021. MedRxiv. Oct. 14, 2021. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.21264966v1
 
12. Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Positive Topline Results From Pivotal Trial of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years. Pfizer Press Release. Sept. 20, 2021. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-positive-topline-results  
 
13. Gottlieb S. Transcript: Dr. Scott Gottlieb on "Face the Nation", October 24, 2021. Face the Nation. Oct. 24, 2021. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transcript-dr-scott-gottlieb-on-face-the-nation-october-24-2021/
 
14. Collins F. Is One Vaccine Dose Enough After COVID-19 Infection? NIH Director’s Blog. Feb. 23, 2021. https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/covid-19-reinfection/
 
15. Cavanaugh AM, Spicer KB, Thoroughman D, et al. Reduced Risk of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Vaccination — Kentucky, May–June 2021 CDC MMWR. Aug. 13, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7032e1.htm
 
16. Gazit S, Shlezinger R, Perez G, et. al. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-induced immunity: reinfections versus breakthrough infections. MedRxiv. Aug 25, 2021. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.21262415v1
 
17. Abbasi J. The Flawed Science of Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Immunity. JAMA Network. Oct. 21, 2021. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2785530
 
18. Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Goodman-Meza D, et al. Rapid Decay of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19. NEJM. Sept 10, 2021. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2025179
 
19. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Takes Additional Actions on the Use of a Booster Dose for COVID-19 Vaccines. FDA News Release. Oct. 20, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-takes-additional-actions-use-booster-dose-covid-19-vaccines
 
20. New York Times. Oct. 20, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/19/health/covid-vaccine-mix-match.html
 
21. Jesus Rodriguez-Bano. COVID-19: Lessons Learned in Spain. COVID-19 Lessons Learned: A Global Perspective. Health Watch USA & Mass. Nurses Assoc. 2021 COVID-19 Conference June 15, 2021. https://youtu.be/pWuu10Gg7ro
 
22. FDA Authorizes Booster Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Certain Populations. FDA News Release. Sept. 22, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-booster-dose-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-certain-populations
 
23. Holder J. Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World. The New York Times. Oct. 23, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html