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COVID-19 Boosters: New MMWR Report Explores Waning Immunity   

View OpEd: https://www.kentucky.com/opinion/op-ed/article258253965.html       

References:         
             
1. Ferdinands JM, Rao S, Dixon BE, et al. Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022. MMWR Feb. 18, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7107e2.htm
 
2. Pajon R, Doria-Rose N, Shen X, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination. NEJM.  Jan. 26, 2022.   https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2119912
 
3. Odenheimer A, Bloomberg. Israel panel recommends fourth vaccine dose for adults 18 and over. Fortune. Jan. 25, 2022. https://fortune.com/2022/01/25/israel-panel-fourth-covid-vaccine-dose-for-adults-18-and-over/
 
4. Rabinovitch A.  Israeli study shows 4th shot of COVID-19 vaccine less effective on Omicron. Reuters.  Jan. 17, 2022.   https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-study-shows-4th-shot-covid-19-vaccine-not-able-block-omicron-2022-01-17/
 
5. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England. Technical briefing 33. 23 December 2021 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1043807/technical-briefing-33.pdf
 
6. UK Health Security Agency. Ferguson N, Ghani A, Cori A, et al. Report 49 - Growth, population distribution and immune escape of Omicron in England. Imperial College of London. Updated Dec. 20, 2021. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-49-Omicron/
 
7. Hammerman A, Sergienko R, Friger M, et al. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine after Recovery from Covid-19. NEJM. Feb. 16, 2022. NEJM. Feb. 16, 2022. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2119497
 
8. Hall V, Foulkes S, Insalata F, et al. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 Vaccination and Previous Infection. NEJM. Feb. 16, 2022. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2118691   
  
9.  Mellor S. GSK says its COVID antibody therapy works against Omicron. Here’s what other drugmakers say about their treatments. Fortune. Dec. 7, 2022.  https://fortune.com/2021/12/07/gsk-covid-antibody-effective-against-omicron-pfizer-merck-gilead-eli-lilly-antibody-antiviral-treatments/
 
10. Christensen J. CNN Health. Feb. 11, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/11/health/lilly-monoclonal-antibody-covid-omicron-fda-authorization/index.html
 
11. Goodman B. As BA.2 subvariant of Omicron rises, lab studies point to signs of severity. CNN Health. Feb. 17, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/17/health/ba-2-covid-severity/index.html
 
12. FDA authorizes new Covid-19 monoclonal antibody that works against Omicron variant. https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2021/12/us-army-creates-single-vaccine-effective-against-all-covid-sars-variants/360089/
 
13. Lilly's bebtelovimab receives Emergency Use Authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Feb. 11, 2022. https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-bebtelovimab-receives-emergency-use-authorization
   

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