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COVID-19: Study Suggests Long-term Damage to Immune System

View OpEd:   https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/covid-19-study-suggests-long-term-damage-immune-system  
               

References: 
 

1. Coronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights: Infections. Coronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights. United Kingdom Office of National Statistics. 24 March 2023. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/infections
 
2. Williams H. Number of Britons off work due to long-term sickness hits record high – figures. Evening Standard. Mar. 14, 2023. https://www.standard.co.uk/business/business-news/number-of-britons-off-work-due-to-longterm-sickness-hits-record-high-figures-b1067158.html
 
3. Klaassen F., Chitwood MH, Cohen T. et al. Changes in population immunity against infection and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in the United States between December 2021 and November 2022. medRxiv. 2022 Nov 23;2022.11.19.22282525. doi: 10.1101/2022.11.19.22282525. Preprint https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36451882/
 
4. Burkholz S, Rubsamen M, Blankenberg L, et al. Analysis of well-annotated next-generation sequencing data reveals increasing cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron. Communications Biology. Mar. 18, 2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04687-4
 
5. Gao F, Mallajoysula V, Arunachalam PS, et al. Robust T cell responses to Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared to infection and evidence of attenuated peripheral CD8+ T cell responses due to COVID-19. Immunity. March 16, 223. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761323001255
 
6. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Weakens Immune-Cell Response to Vaccination. IH News Release. Mar. 20, 2023. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/sars-cov-2-infection-weakens-immune-cell-response-vaccination
 
7. Files JF, Boppana S, Perez MD, et al. Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jan 4; 131(1): e140491. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7773371/
 
8. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Weakens Immune-Cell Response to Vaccination. NIH News Release. Mar. 20, 2023. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/sars-cov-2-infection-weakens-immune-cell-response-vaccination
 
9. Kavanagh K. Is the Rise in RSV Infections Associated With Immune Debt or SARS-CoV-2 Immune Dysfunction? Infection Control Today. Feb. 23, 2023. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/is-rise-rsv-infections-associated-immune-debt-sars-cov-2-immune-dysfunction-
 
10. Current weekly flu report. Situation in Sweden. Public Health Agency in Sweden. Mar. 24, 2023. https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/folkhalsorapportering-statistik/statistik-a-o/sjukdomsstatistik/influensa-veckorapporter/aktuell-veckorapport-om-influensa/
 
11. Belonio K. Strep Throat Is ‘The Next Big Problem,’ Expert Says After Noticing Alarming Spike. Medical Daily. Mar. 9, 2023. https://www.medicaldaily.com/strep-throat-next-big-problem-expert-says-468396
 
12. Tin A. CDC warns of "alarming" rise of potentially deadly fungal threat in hospitals. CBS News. Mar. 21, 2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/candida-auris-fungus-alarming-rise-cdc/
 
13. Brannock MD, Chew RF, Preiss AJ, et al. Long COVID Risk and Pre-COVID Vaccination: An EHR-Based Cohort Study from the RECOVER Program. medRxiv. October 07, 2022. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.22280795v1
 
14. Kavanagh K. The Autumn COVID-19 Booster Is Here: Is it Safe and Effective? Infection Control Today. Sept. 2, 2023. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/the-autumn-covid-19-booster-is-here-is-it-safe-and-effective-
 
15. Kavanagh. K. How Soon Is Another Booster Needed? Durability of Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Infection Control Today. Feb. 24, 2023. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/how-soon-is-another-booster-needed-durability-vaccine-induced-immunity
 
16. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report - Week 5 UK Health Security Agency. Feb. 2, 2023. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1134076/vaccine-surveillance-report-week-5-2023.pdf
 
17. Branswell H. FDA offers radio silence on question of spring Covid boosters, as other countries push ahead. STAT. Mar. 16, 2023. https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/16/fda-offers-radio-silence-on-question-of-spring-covid-boosters-as-other-countries-push-ahead/
 
18. Kirby J. Elderly and vulnerable to be offered spring Covid booster jab. Independent. Mar. 7, 2023. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/people-covid-moderna-pfizer-mary-b2295673.html
 
19. COVID-19 booster vaccine advice. Australian Government. Dept. of Health and Aged Care. Mar. 14, 2023. https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/covid-19-vaccines/getting-your-vaccination/booster-doses
   

 
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